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Bila Tserkva ((ウクライナ語:Бiла Церква), (ポーランド語:Biała Cerkiew), (ロシア語:Белая Церковь, ''Belaya Tserkov''), literally ''White Church'') is a city in central Ukraine, the largest city in Kiev Oblast.〔(after Kiev which is the administrative center, but not part of the oblast)〕 Bila Tserkva is located on the Ros River approximately south of Kiev. The area is .〔(General information about the city ), at (Bila Tserkva official web-site )〕 Population: . Administratively, Bila Tserkva is incorporated as a town of oblast significance. It also serves as the administrative center of Bila Tserkva Raion (district), though administratively it does not belong to the raion. ==History== The town was founded in 1032 as Yuriev by Yaroslav the Wise, whose Christian name was Yuri. This event is also traditionally referred as foundation of Tartu, Estonia. The present name of the city, literally translated, is "White Church" and may refer to the (no longer existing) white-painted cathedral of medieval Yuriev. Since 1363 it belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and since 1569 to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Was granted Magdeburg Rights in 1620 by Sigismund III Vasa. The Treaty of Bila Tserkva between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ukrainian Cossack rebels under Bohdan Khmelnytsky was signed here in 1651.〔Paul Robert Magocsi, ''A history of Ukraine'', University of Toronto Press, 1996, p. 205〕 Beginning in the second half of the 18th century, Bila Tserkva (Biała Cerkiew), then the seat of the sub-prefecture (starostwo), was the property of the Branicki family. Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, Poland's Grand Hetman, built there his urban residence – the Winter Palace complex and a country residence with the park "Alexandria" (named after his wife). He founded a Catholic church of John the Baptist and started construction of the Orthodox church which was completed by his successor – count Władysław Grzegorz Branicki. The latter one built also the gymnasium-school complex in Bila Tserkva. Aleksander Branicki, the grandson of the hetman, renovated and finished the Mazepa's Orthodox church. Under the rule of count Władysław Michał Branicki, Bila Tserkva developed into a regional commercial and manufacturing centre.〔E. A. Chernecki, L. P. Mordatenko, ''Bila Tserkva. Branicki family. Alexandria, Ogrody rezydencji magnackich XVIII-XIX wieku w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej oraz problemy ich ochrony'', Ośrodek Ochrony Zabytkowego Krajobrazu—Narodowa Instytucja Kultury, 2001, p.114〕〔Marek Ruszczyc, ''Dzieje rodu i fortuny Branickich'', Delikon, 1991, p. 148〕 Bila Tserkva was annexed into Russian Empire as a result of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. After 1861, the Tzarist authorities converted the Roman Catholic church into an Orthodox Church.〔Lucjan Blit, The origins of Polish socialism: the history and ideas of the first Polish Socialist Party 1878–1886, Cambridge University Press, 1971, p. 21〕 During the Soviet times Bila Tserkva became a large industrial hub (machine building and construction industry). During World War II, Bila Tserkva was occupied by the German Army from 16 July 1941 to 4 January 1944.〔(''Onwar.com'', ''Allies support resistance in Europe'' )〕 In August 1941 it was the site of the 1941 Bila Tserkva massacre. During the Cold War, the town was host to the 72nd Guards Krasnograd Motor Rifle Division〔Carey Schofield, Inside the Soviet Army, Headline Book Publishing, 2001, 132.〕 and the 251st Instructor Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment of Long Range Aviation.〔Michael Holm, (251st Instructor Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment ), accessed December 2012.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bila Tserkva」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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